日期:2022/08/31 IAE
ROGER FALCONE 美國柏克萊大學教授.美國國家科學院
研究專長和興趣
物理學、激光、X 射線、等離子體物理學、材料、原子物理學、超快科學
研究說明
Roger Falcone 是美國物理學會的前任主席，他的大部分工作都旨在倡導聯邦和私人對研究和教育的支持。
他在加州大學伯克利分校的研究小組研究了在極端壓力和溫度條件下固體和等離子體的行為。他們研究這些材料如何應對高應力（高達 10 億個大氣壓，或 1 GigaBar）和高溫（數百萬度，或數百 eV）。它們測量和控制原子運動的長度和時間尺度（低至納米和飛秒）的動力學。他們解決的問題通常是基本的，因為他們正在將科學擴展到新的製度。他們工作的應用範圍從地球物理學（壓力下材料的化學性質是什麼？），到材料性能（我們能否設計出能夠在極端條件下工作的材料？），再到聚變能（我們能否以足夠高的密度和進行核燃燒的溫度？），天體物理學（我們能理解巨行星和恆星的物理學嗎？）。
他們還在開發使用 X 射線在納米尺度上進行高分辨率、化學分辨、超快、三維成像的新方法，以便在更常規的條件下更好地了解功能材料的物理和化學。
他們的工具包括先進的 X 射線同步加速器、世界上最高能量的激光器、自由電子 X 射線激光器和桌面超短脈衝激光器。該團隊包括來自多個國家的教師和其他科學家、理論家和實驗家，以及博士後、研究生和本科生。
Research Expertise and Interest
physics, lasers, x-rays, plasma physics, materials, atomic physics, ultrafast science
Research Description
Roger Falcone is Past President of the American Physical Society, and much of his work is directed towards advocacy for federal and private support for research and education.
His research group at UC Berkeley studies the behavior of solids and plasmas that are under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. They study how these materials respond to high stress (up to a billion atmospheres of pressure, or 1 GigaBar) and high temperatures (several million degrees, or hundreds of eV). They measure and control dynamics on the length and time scales of atomic motion (down to nanometers and femtoseconds). The questions they address are generally fundamental, since they are extending science into novel regimes. The applications of their work range from geophysics (what is the chemistry of materials under pressure?), to materials performance (can we design materials that will perform under extreme conditions?), to fusion energy (can we create plasmas at high enough density and temperature to undergo nuclear burn?), to astrophysics (can we understand the physics of giant planets and stars?).
They are also developing novel methods of high-resolution, chemically-resolved, ultrafast, three-dimensional imaging at the nanoscale, using x-rays, in order to better understand the physics and chemistry of functional materials under more conventional conditions.
Their tools involve advanced x-ray synchrotrons, the world’s highest energy lasers, free-electron x-ray lasers, and tabletop, ultrashort pulse lasers. The team includes faculty and other scientists from many countries, theorists and experimentalists, as well as postdoctoral, graduate, and undergraduate students.
研究領域：原子、分子和光學物理等離子體和非線性動力學傳
Roger Falcone 是加州大學伯克利分校的物理學教授，也是伯克利大學能源與資源小組和應用科學與技術項目的附屬教員。 1995-2000年任物理系主任。截至 2018 年 1 月，他是伯克利研究生院的教授。他獲得了 A.B.普林斯頓大學物理學博士（1974 年）和博士學位。在斯坦福大學獲得電氣工程博士學位（1979 年），並且是斯坦福大學應用物理學的 Marvin Chodorow 研究員（1980-83 年）。
他曾擔任勞倫斯伯克利國家實驗室高級光源 X 射線同步加速器設施主任（2006-2017 年），曾任美國物理學會主席（2018 年），目前擔任 AP 前任主席（2019 年）。
研究興趣
我們的研究小組研究原子、分子、固體和等離子體中超快過程的動力學。我們開發先進技術（脈衝 X 射線源、高速 X 射線探測器和新技術），並在灣區和世界各地的主要設施進行實驗。目前，我們專注於了解在極端壓力和溫度條件下的固體和等離子體行為。我們正在研究這些材料如何應對高應力（高達 10 億個大氣壓，或 1 GigaBar）和高溫（數百萬度，或數百 eV）。我們測量和控制原子運動的長度和時間尺度（低至納米和飛秒）的動力學。一個特別感興趣的領域是高能量密度物質的“狀態方程”，這意味著了解極端條件下壓力、密度和溫度的關係。同樣重要的是電子、結構和熱力學性質，例如電離的相對量、局部順序和此類物質的熱導率。
我們解決的問題通常是基本的，因為我們正在將科學擴展到新的製度。我們工作的應用範圍從地球物理學（材料在壓力下的化學性質是什麼？），到材料性能（我們能否設計出能夠在極端條件下工作的材料？），再到聚變能（我們能否以足夠高的密度和進行核燃燒的溫度？），天體物理學（我們能理解巨行星和恆星的物理學嗎？）。
在另一個研究領域，我們正在幫助開發使用 X 射線在納米尺度上進行高分辨率、化學分辨、超快、三維成像的新方法，以便更好地了解功能材料的物理和化學性質。更常規的條件。
我們的工具包括先進的 X 射線同步加速器、世界上最高能量的激光器、自由電子 X 射線激光器和桌面超短脈衝激光器。我們的團隊包括來自許多國家的教師和其他科學家、理論家和實驗家，以及博士後、研究生和本科生。
出版物
Travis D. Frazer 等人，“工程納米級熱傳輸：納米結構的尺寸和間距相關冷卻”，物理學。牧師申請 11, 024042 (2019)
A. M. Saunders 等人，“用 X 射線湯姆遜散射表徵輻射加熱固體密度樣品中的等離子體條件”，Phys。修訂版 E 98, 063206 (2018)
N. J. Hartley 等人，“在兆巴壓力下衝擊壓縮碳氫化合物的液體結構”，物理學。牧師萊特。 121、245501（2018）
T. Doppner 等人，“使用球形會聚衝擊波對 25-60 Mbar 的聚苯乙烯進行絕對狀態方程測量”，物理學。牧師萊特。 121、025001（2018）
D. Kraus 等人，“行星內部條件下激光壓縮碳氫化合物中鑽石的形成”，自然天文學 1，606–611（2017 年）
F. Albert 等人，“皮秒激光脈衝驅動的自調製激光尾場加速器中 Betatron X 射線輻射的觀察”，物理學。牧師萊特。 118、134801（2017）
Research Area(s): Atomic, Molecular and Optical PhysicsPlasma And NonLinear Dynamics
BIOGRAPHY
Roger Falcone is a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and an affiliated faculty member of Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group and Applied Science and Technology Program. He chaired the Physics Department from 1995-2000. As of January 2018 he is a Professor of the Graduate School at Berkeley. He received his A.B. in Physics (1974) from Princeton, and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering (1979) from Stanford, and was the Marvin Chodorow Fellow in Applied Physics (1980-83) at Stanford.
He was the Director of the Advanced Light Source x-ray synchrotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (2006-2017), was President of the American Physical Society (2018), and currently serves as Past President of AP (2019).
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Our research group studies the dynamics of ultrafast processes in atoms, molecules, solids, and plasmas. We develop advanced technologies (pulsed sources of x-rays, high-speed x-ray detectors, and novel techniques), and we perform experiments at major facilities in the Bay Area and around the world. Currently, we are focusing on understanding the behavior of solids and plasmas that are under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. We are studying how these materials respond to high stress (up to a billion atmospheres of pressure, or 1 GigaBar) and high temperatures (several million degrees, or hundreds of eV). We measure and control dynamics on the length and time scales of atomic motion (down to nanometers and femtoseconds). A particular area of interest is the “equation of state” of high energy density matter, which means understanding the relationship of pressure, density, and temperature under extreme conditions. Also important are electronic, structural, and thermodynamic properties, such as the relative amount of ionization, the local order, and the thermal conductivity in such matter.
The questions we address are generally fundamental, since we are extending science into novel regimes. The applications of our work range from geophysics (what is the chemistry of materials under pressure?), to materials performance (can we design materials that will perform under extreme conditions?), to fusion energy (can we create plasmas at high enough density and temperature to undergo nuclear burn?), to astrophysics (can we understand the physics of giant planets and stars?).
In a separate area of research, we are helping develop novel methods of high-resolution, chemically-resolved, ultrafast, three-dimensional imaging at the nanoscale, using x-rays, in order to better understand the physics and chemistry of functional materials under more conventional conditions.
Our tools involve advanced x-ray synchrotrons, the world’s highest energy lasers, free-electron x-ray lasers, and tabletop, ultrashort pulse lasers. Our team includes faculty and other scientists from many countries, theorists and experimentalists, as well as postdoctoral, graduate, and undergraduate students.
PUBLICATIONS
(Selected)
Travis D. Frazer, et al, "Engineering Nanoscale Thermal Transport: Size- and Spacing-Dependent Cooling of Nanostructures," Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 024042 (2019)
A. M. Saunders, et al, “Characterizing plasma conditions in radiatively heated solid-density samples with x-ray Thomson scattering,” Phys. Rev. E 98, 063206 (2018)
N. J. Hartley, et al, “Liquid Structure of Shock-Compressed Hydrocarbons at Megabar Pressures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 245501 (2018)
T. Doppner, et al, “Absolute Equation-of-State Measurement for Polystyrene from 25-60 Mbar Using a Spherically Converging Shock Wave,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 025001 (2018)
D. Kraus, et al, “Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior conditions,” Nature Astronomy 1, 606–611 (2017)
F. Albert, et al, “Observation of Betatron X-Ray Radiation in a Self-Modulated Laser Wakefield Accelerator Driven with Picosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 134801 (2017)
美國國家科學院 (NAS) 是一個由傑出學者組成的私人非營利性社會。 NAS 由亞伯拉罕·林肯總統於 1863 年簽署的國會法案成立，負責就與科學和技術相關的事項向國家提供獨立、客觀的建議。科學家由同行選舉成為 NAS 成員，以表彰他們對研究的傑出貢獻。 NAS 致力於推動美國的科學發展，其成員是國際科學界的積極貢獻者。 NAS 的大約 500 名現任和已故成員獲得了諾貝爾獎，美國國家科學院院刊成立於 1914 年，如今已成為發表原創研究成果的主要國際期刊之一。
美國國家工程院 (NAE) 和美國國家醫學院 (NAM，前身為醫學研究所)——分別於 1964 年和 1970 年根據 NAS 章程成立。這三個學院作為國家科學院、工程院和醫學院共同合作，為國家提供獨立、客觀的分析和建議，並開展其他活動以解決複雜問題並為公共政策決策提供信息。國家科學院還鼓勵教育和研究，表彰對知識的傑出貢獻，並提高公眾對科學、工程和醫學問題的理解。國家科學院對政府的服務變得如此重要，以至於國會和白宮多年來都頒布了立法和行政命令，重申了其獨特的作用。
ROGER FALCONE 羅傑·W·法爾科內 加州大學伯克利分校
美國國家科學院 (NAS) 會員（2019年當選）
Roger Falcone 是加州大學伯克利分校的物理學教授。他在紐約市長大，曾就讀於普林斯頓大學和斯坦福大學。他曾擔任伯克利分校的系主任、勞倫斯伯克利國家實驗室高級光源同步加速器設施的主任以及美國物理學會主席。他是美國藝術與科學學院的成員，也是美國物理學會、美國光學學會和美國科學促進會的會員。他獲得了 APS 5-Sigma 物理學家傑出倡導獎、APS 道森等離子體物理學卓越獎、APS Leo Szilard 講師獎、LBNL ALS Halbach 儀器獎和 NSF 總統青年研究員獎。他的服務包括勞倫斯科學館的顧問委員會、拉斐特圖書館和學習中心的受託人、當地學校董事會主席、伯克利加州大學教育項目主任以及加州大學極端條件下材料動力學研究所所長。他曾在勞倫斯利弗莫爾和洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室、NSF 和 DOE 的諮詢委員會任職，在 Paul Scherrer 研究所（瑞士）和 ELI Beamlines（捷克共和國）擔任諮詢委員會主席，並在多個國家和國際科學諮詢小組任職項目。
研究興趣
Roger Falcone 進行了探索強光與物質相互作用的實驗。這項工作使用激光，涉及從光學到 X 射線的光譜區域，並揭示了材料（原子、分子、固體和等離子體）對強光、高溫引起的非平衡條件的動態（超快）響應, 和高壓。這項工作的目標包括通過測量材料在這些極端條件下的響應來了解由此產生的化學、結構動力學、電離和可壓縮性。應用領域包括等離子體和聚變科學、光致化學和天體物理系統。他與學生和全球合作者一起開發了具有高功率和超短脈衝的激光器、快速 X 射線探測器、獨特的納米結構材料，以及涉及桌面實驗以及世界上最大和最先進的激光器和X 射線設備。他的團隊展示了產生飛秒 X 射線脈衝的新方法，測量了承受 10 億個大氣壓壓力的材料的物理和化學響應，並探索了材料對與電子運動相關的時間尺度上的擾動的結構和電子響應和化學鍵中的原子。
Roger Falcone 是加州大學伯克利分校的物理學教授，也是伯克利大學能源與資源小組和應用科學與技術項目的附屬教員。截至 2018 年 1 月，他是伯克利研究生院的教授。他獲得了 A.B.普林斯頓大學物理學博士（1974 年）和博士學位。在斯坦福大學獲得電氣工程博士學位（1979 年），並且是斯坦福大學應用物理學的 Marvin Chodorow 研究員（1980-83 年）。
他曾擔任伯克利物理系主任（1995-2000）、勞倫斯伯克利國家實驗室先進光源 X 射線同步加速器設施主任（2006-2017）和美國物理學會主席（2018）。
Falcone 是加州大學伯克利分校公共科學中心勞倫斯科學館 (LHS) 的顧問委員會成員，也是赫茲基金會的董事會成員，該基金會支持科學領域的優秀博士生。他是加州大學伯克利分校針對有興趣探索教育事業的本科 STEM 專業的 CalTeach 項目的聯合創始人，他是家鄉拉斐特圖書館和學習中心的創始受託人，並當選為成員，並擔任當地學校董事會主席。
Falcone 擔任瑞士 Paul Scherrer 研究所顧問委員會主席；擔任捷克共和國 ELI Beamlines 國際科學諮詢委員會 (ISAC) 主席；並擔任 DOE FES LaserNetUS 科學顧問委員會主席。他是 NSF MPS 設施和主要研究基礎設施小組委員會的聯合主席。他是歐盟ELI ERIC國際科學技術諮詢委員會（ISTAC）的成員；瑞士蘇黎世聯邦理工學院分子超快科技國家研究能力中心審查委員會；日本 SLiT-J 同步加速器國際審查委員會；法國阿波羅研究基礎設施國際科學諮詢委員會；以及佛羅里達州立大學 NSF 國家高磁場實驗室的外部諮詢委員會。
他是勞倫斯利弗莫爾國家實驗室國家點火設施用戶組的主席和現任執行委員會成員，並且是加州大學伯克利分校核科學與安全聯盟和激光能量學實驗室的顧問委員會成員。羅切斯特大學。
他曾任加州大學極端條件下材料動力學研究所所長，並擔任美國和俄羅斯國家科學院導彈防禦研究委員會洛斯阿拉莫斯和勞倫斯利弗莫爾實驗室理事會科學技術委員會成員，和激光干涉儀引力波天文台 (LIGO) 計劃諮詢委員會。他是 NSF-DMR 材料 2022 報告委員會的聯合主席，也是 DOE-SC-、NNSA-、NSF- 和 NPI 支持的 Brightest Light Initiative 研討會（2019 年）的主席。
Falcone 是美國國家科學院和美國藝術與科學院的成員，也是美國物理學會、美國科學促進會和光學學會 - OSA 的會員。
他獲得了 APS 5-Sigma 物理學家傑出倡導獎（2019 年）、APS 道森等離子體物理學卓越獎（2015 年，與其他七人）、APS Leo Szilard 講師獎（2005 年，與 APS 研究小組一起）和 Halbach 獎用於 ALS 的儀器儀表，LBNL（2000 年，與另一個）。他是激光科學專題組的 APS 傑出巡迴講師（1992-93 年），並獲得了 NSF 總統青年研究員獎（1984 年）。
Biosketch
Roger Falcone is a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He grew up in New York City, and attended Princeton and Stanford Universities. He has served as department chair at Berkeley, director of the Advanced Light Source synchrotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, and president of the American Physical Society. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and fellow of the American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received the APS 5-Sigma Physicist Award for Outstanding Advocacy, APS Dawson Award for Excellence in Plasma Physics, APS Leo Szilard Lectureship Award, LBNL ALS Halbach Prize for Instrumentation, and NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award. His service includes advisory boards for the Lawrence Hall of Science, trustee of the Lafayette Library & Learning Center, president of his local school board, director of Berkeley's CalTeach Program, and director of the UC Institute for Material Dynamics at Extreme Conditions. He has served on advisory committees for Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos National Laboratories, NSF, and DOE, chairs advisory committees for the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland) and ELI Beamlines (Czech Republic), and serves on several scientific advisory panels for national and international projects.
Research Interests
Roger Falcone undertakes experiments that explore the interaction of intense light with matter. The work uses lasers, involves regions of the spectrum ranging from optical to x-ray, and reveals the dynamic (ultrafast) response of materials (atoms, molecules, solids, and plasmas) to non-equilibrium conditions caused by intense light, high temperatures, and high pressures. The goals of the work include an understanding of the resulting chemistry, structural dynamics, ionization, and compressibility, by measuring the response of materials under these extreme conditions. Applications are found in fields such as plasma and fusion science, photo-induced chemistry, and astrophysical systems. Together with students and global collaborators, he has developed lasers with high-power and ultra-short pulses, fast x-ray detectors, unique nanostructured materials, and experimental techniques that involve both tabletop experiments as well as the world's largest and most advanced laser and x-ray facilities. His group has demonstrated new ways of producing femtosecond pulses of x-rays, measured the physical and chemical response of materials subjected to pressures of a billion atmospheres, and probed the structural and electronic response of materials to perturbations on timescales associated with the motion of electrons and atoms in chemical bonds.
Roger Falcone is a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and an affiliated faculty member of Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group and Applied Science and Technology Program. As of January 2018 he is a Professor of the Graduate School at Berkeley. He received his A.B. in Physics (1974) from Princeton, and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering (1979) from Stanford, and was the Marvin Chodorow Fellow in Applied Physics (1980-83) at Stanford.
He was Chair of the Berkeley Physics Department (1995-2000), Director of the Advanced Light Source x-ray synchrotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2006-2017), and President of the American Physical Society (2018).
Falcone serves on the Advisory Board for the Lawrence Hall of Science (LHS), UC Berkeley's public science center, and is a Board Member of the Hertz Foundation, which supports outstanding PhD students in the sciences. He was co-founding-director of CalTeach, UC Berkeley’s program for undergraduate STEM majors interested in exploring a career in education, was a founding trustee of the Lafayette Library & Learning Center in his hometown, and was elected as a member, and served as president, of his local school board.
Falcone chairs the Advisory Board for the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland; chairs the International Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) for ELI Beamlines in the Czech Republic; and chairs the DOE FES LaserNetUS Science Advisory Board. He co-chairs the NSF MPS Facilities and Major Research Infrastructure Subcommittee. He is a member of the European Union ELI ERIC International Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (ISTAC); the Review Board for the Molecular Ultrafast Science and Technology National Center of Competence in Research at ETH Zurich, Switzerland; the International Review Committee for the SLiT-J Synchrotron in Japan; the International Scientific Advisory Committee for the French Apollon Research Infrastructure; and the External Advisory Committee of NSF's National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University.
He chaired and now serves on the Executive Board of the User Group of the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Lab, and is a member of the advisory boards of the Nuclear Science and Security Consortium at UC Berkeley, and the Laboratory for Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester.
He was director of the UC Institute for Materials Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, and served on the Science and Technology Committee for the Board of Governors of Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore Labs, the US & Russian National Academy of Sciences’ Study Committee on Missile Defense, and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Program Advisory Committee. He was co-chair of the NSF-DMR Committee for the Materials 2022 Report and chair of the DOE-SC-, NNSA-, NSF-, and NPI-supported Brightest Light Initiative Workshop (2019).
Falcone is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and The Optical Society - OSA.
He received the APS 5-Sigma Physicist Award for Outstanding Advocacy (2019), APS Dawson Award for Excellence in Plasma Physics (2015, with seven others), APS Leo Szilard Lectureship Award (2005, with the APS Study Group), and Halbach Prize for Instrumentation at the ALS, LBNL (2000, with one other). He was an APS Distinguished Traveling Lecturer of the Laser Science Topical Group (1992-93), and received the Presidential Young Investigator Award of the NSF (1984).